One of Dickens' most enduringly popular stories is «Oliver Twist,» his second novel, published in installments starting in February 1837 and continuing until 1838. Like many of his later novels, its central theme is the hardship faced by the dispossessed and those outside «polite» society. *** The initial chapter describes the birth of the main character Oliver Twist. His mother has been found lying in the street, her shoes in shreds from walking. She is brought to a workhouse in England, and the next night gives birth to Oliver, delivered by a surgeon and a drunken nurse. Oliver struggles to breathe at first, but once established, cries heartily. His mother asks to see him, and dies once she has placed a kiss on him. She is unmarried, and no one knows her identity. Oliver is left at the workhouse in the care of the nurse. *** Oliver is treated cruelly there as was the norm at the time for pauper children, in particular by Bumble, a parish council official or «beadle.» The story follows Oliver as he escapes the workhouse and runs away to London. Here he receives an education in villainy from the criminal gang of Fagin that includes the brutal thief Bill Sikes, the famous «Artful Dodger» and Nancy, Bill’s whore.
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