Oyunski P.A., Olonkho. Nurgun Botur the Swift. [Yakut epic] — 2014
Àííîòàöèÿ: Olonkho is the general name for the entire Yakut heroic epic that consists of many long legends — one of the longest being —Nurgun Botur the Swift— consisting of some 36,000 lines of verse, published here. Like Homer—s Iliad and Odyssey, the Finnish Kalevala, the Buryat Geser, and the Kirghiz Manas, the Yakut Olonkho is an epic of a very ancient origin dating back to the period — possibly as early as the eighth or ninth centuries — when the ancestors of the present-day Yakut peoples lived on their former homeland and closely communicated with the Turkic and Mongolian peoples living in the Altay and Sayan regions. As with all Olonkho stories the hero — in this story Nurgun Botur the Swift — and his tribe are heaven-born, hence his people are referred to as —Aiyy kin— (the deity—s relatives). Naturally, too, on account of his vital role (in saving his people from destruction and oblivion by evil, many-legged, fire-breathing, one-armed, one legged Cyclops-type monsters — the Devil—s relatives representing all possible sins), he is depicted not only as strong, but also a handsome, remarkably athletic and incredibly brave and well-built man —as swift as an arrow—, but also with an uncontrollable temper when required.Îëîíõî — îáùåå íàçâàíèå âñåãî ÿêóòñêîãî ãåðîè÷åñêîãî ýïîñà, ñîñòîÿùåãî èç ìíîæåñòâà äëèííûõ ëåãåíä — îäíà èç ñàìûõ äëèííûõ — «Íóðãóí Áîîòóð Ñòðåìèòåëüíûé», ñîñòîÿùàÿ ïðèìåðíî èç 36 000 ñòðîê ñòèõîâ, îïóáëèêîâàííàÿ çäåñü. Ïîäîáíî «Èëèàäå» è «Îäèññåå» Ãîìåðà, ôèíñêîé «Êàëåâàëå», áóðÿòñêîìó «Ãýñýðó» è êèðãèçñêîìó «Ìàíàñó», ÿêóòñêîå Îëîíõî — ýïîñ î÷åíü äðåâíåãî ïðîèñõîæäåíèÿ, âîñõîäÿùèé ê ïåðèîäó — âîçìîæíî, åùå ê VIII èëè IX âåêàì — êîãäà ïðåäêè ñîâðåìåííûõ ÿêóòñêèõ íàðîäîâ æèëè íà ñâîåé áûâøåé ðîäèíå è òåñíî îáùàëèñü ñ òþðêñêèìè è ìîíãîëüñêèìè íàðîäàìè, íàñåëÿâøèìè Àëòàéñêèé è Ñàÿíñêèé ðåãèîíû. Êàê è âî âñåõ èñòîðèÿõ Îëîíõî, ãåðîé — â ýòîé èñòîðèè Íóðãóí Áîîòóð Ñòðåìèòåëüíûé — è åãî ïëåìÿ ÿâëÿþòñÿ íåáåñíûìè ðîæäåííûìè, ïîýòîìó åãî íàðîä èìåíóåòñÿ «Àéûû êèí» (ðîäñòâåííèêè áîæåñòâà). Åñòåñòâåííî, ÷òî ââèäó åãî æèçíåííî âàæíîé ðîëè (â ñïàñåíèè ñâîåãî íàðîäà îò óíè÷òîæåíèÿ è çàáâåíèÿ çëûìè, ìíîãîíîãèìè, îãíåäûøàùèìè, îäíîðóêèìè, îäíîíîãèìè ÷óäîâèùàìè òèïà öèêëîïîâ — ðîäñòâåííèêàìè Äüÿâîëà, îëèöåòâîðÿþùèìè âñå âîçìîæíûå ãðåõè), îí èçîáðàæåí íå òîëüêî ñèëüíûì, íî è êðàñèâûì, íåîáûêíîâåííî àòëåòè÷íûì è íåâåðîÿòíî õðàáðûì è õîðîøî ñëîæåííûì ÷åëîâåêîì, «áûñòðûì êàê ñòðåëà», íî è ñ íåóïðàâëÿåìûì íðàâîì, êîãäà ýòî íåîáõîäèìî